Our reports
Here we share knowledge in the form of our reports published as scientific articles or in the form of an If-Report. You will also find selected project reports and presentations from contributions to conferences and seminars.
The majority of the reports are in English but we have listed a few reports that are only in Swedish.
Analyses of crashes, personal injuries, and driving behavior
Basic numbers needed to understand the traffic safety effect of Automated Cars
This report provides an overview on basic numbers required to evaluate traffic safety performance of automated driving cars, a discussion on the methodology to achieve these numbers, and insights into expectations on future traffic safety evaluations of automated driving traffic safety performance.
Detailed description of bicycle and passenger car collisions based on insurance claims
Cyclists are common among severely injured road users in Sweden. But bicycle crashes are underreported in official databases and information about crash details is very limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and severity of different crash scenarios and identify relevant factors and circumstances of these collisions.
A Study of Bicycle and Passenger Car Collisions Based on Insurance Claims Data
In this report, an analysis based on 438 cases of bicycle and passenger car crashes is presented, using insurance claims data. The most frequent crash situations are described as to where and when collisions occur. Age and gender of the involved cyclists and drivers, environmental circumstances, road status, weather- and light conditions, speedlimits and traffic environment is also included.
Identification of aggressive driving from naturalistic data in car-following situations
Aggressive driving in car-following scenarios was analysed in European driving data and validated against self-reported questionnaires. We compared aggressive driving in different countries and investigate the relationship to driver characteristics.
Safety performance assessments
Rave checklist: Recommendations for overcoming challenges in retrospective safety studies of automated driving systems
In January 2024, a working group of experts from academia, insurance, and industry came together to discuss the current and future challenges in performing traffic safety evaluations of automated vehicles – resulting in this paper. The RAVE (Retrospective Automated Vehicle Evaluation) checklist, is a set of recommendations for performing and evaluating retrospective Automated Vehicle performance comparisons.
Estimating the crash reducing effect of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) for vulnerable road users
Vulnerable road users (VRUs) are often involved in road traffic crashes, and the most serious crashes are with motor vehicles. Here we estimate the crash-reducing effects of VRU ADAS systems in car-to-pedestrian and car-to-bicycle crashes in Sweden. The introduction provides an overview of both retrospective and prospective studies based on real-world data.
Real-World Evaluation of Driver Assistance Systems for Vulnerable Road Users Based on Insurance Crash Data in Sweden
This study was the first real-world evaluation of pedestrian and cyclist ADAS with an analysis of the specific traffic situations that this technology was designed for.
The effect of speed limit reductions in urban areas on cyclists’ injuries in collisions with cars
Impact speed is one of the most important factors explaining the severity of injuries to cyclists when they collide with passenger cars. To reduce injuries, Swedish municipalities have the authority to lower the speed limit to 30 or 40 km/h in urban areas as appropriate. Here, we evaluate how this speed limit reduction has influenced the injury severity for cyclists.
An evaluation of the real-world safety effect of a lane change driver support system and characteristics of lane change crashes based on insurance claims data
Lane changes can contribute to critical situations that affect the traffic flow and traffic safety. In this study we evaluate the crash avoidance performance of a lane change driver support system, and describe the characteristics of lane change crashes based on detailed information from insurance claim reports.
Traffic Safety Benefit of A Lane Departure Warning System
- A Retrospective Assessment of the Crash Avoidance Effect Based on Real World Crash Data in Sweden
Lane departures can have serious consequences when resulting in run-off-road and oncoming crashes. In this study we evaluate the real-world crash avoidance effectiveness of a Lane Departure Warning (LDW) system.
Using insurance claims data to evaluate the collision-avoidance and crash-mitigating effects of Collision Warning and Brake Support Combined with Adaptive Cruise Control
This study evaluates the safety effect in terms of both crashes mitigated and crashes avoided by Forward Collision Warning and Brake Support combined with Adaptive Cruise Control.
Real-World Performance of City Safety Based on Swedish Insurance Data
Auto brake was launched in 2008 as a standard feature to help the driver mitigate and avoid rear-end frontal crashes at low speed. This study shows the relevance of this type of vehicle systems for increased traffic safety.
Evaluation of Rear-End Collision Avoidance Technologies based on Real World Crash Data
In this study, we found that frontal impacts in rear-end crashes were reduced with 38 % in cars with ADAS. Also, there was a clear improvement in crash avoidance efficiency over ADAS generations: for the third generation had a crash avoidance effect of 45 %.
The effect of a low-speed automatic brake system estimated from real life data
Here we evaluate the effect of a standard low-speed autobrake system based on insurance claims data from cars in real traffic crashes in Sweden. The estimated claim frequency of rear-end frontal collisions was 23 % lower for cars with autobrake than for car models without the system.
Experiences and usage of traffic and safety features
Overtaking on rural roads – Cyclists' and motorists' perspectives
Fundamental knowledge about rural road cycling is missing. This study investigates the prevalence of rural cycling and the perceptions of cyclists and motorists on rural roads, especially in overtaking situations.
Child safety in cars
You can read older reports (in Swedish) regarding child safety in cars here
Skoltrafikundersökningen – a survey about school traffic
Since 2006, If has investigated the traffic environment around Sweden's elementary schools. The most recent survey was carried out during April and May 2022 on behalf of If and Svenska Cykelstäder.
Presentation from the webinar (in Swedish)
Barn, liv och trafik – a NTF conference
Podcast episode about children in traffic. How do accidents happen and what can we do to reduce the number of children injured and killed in traffic?
Sustainability and traffic safety
At If, as we are working a lot with customers that experienced incidents in traffic, we always realized the strong relationship between Traffic Safety and Sustainability. Here you can read our latest Sustainability Report where selected Traffic safety projects are presented:
Do you have questions about our traffic research?
Ask your question directly to our researchers.